In Java String objects are immutable (i.e their values cannot be changed once they are initialized), so when editing a string object you end up creating a new edited string object wherease the old object just floats around in a special memory area called the "string constant pool". There is a "String constant pool" in the Java language. Then s!=t (because you've explicitly created a new string) although s.equals(t) will return true (because the equals method checks for value equality instead of reference equality). Then s and t actually refer to the same String object, and ‘s = t’ will return true, because for objects the double equal sign ("=") reads as "is the same object". Nor can you extend String, because it's declared as final, meaning no sub-classing is allowed (if you're not into inheritance that's ok for now). Strings are special in Java - they're immutable, and string constants (=variables that do not change) are automatically turned into String objects. You can override the standard equals() method from to implement a custom equals() method. In general both the equals() method and “=” operator in Java are used to compare objects to check equality but the ‘’=’ operator’ checks if both objects point to the same memory location whereas the equals() method evaluates the values inside the objects. Getting to know the String class in java took me some time. Come back to this answer later and review again. If you dont fully understand this topic right now, it's fine. This goes beyond your question but is important to realise when working with Strings in Java (and Strings are everywhere). To elaborate a little further on String equality.
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Years later, Thao eventually talked with Scanline City about reviving the brand and improving on the stick, but sadly, Theo and his wife passed away due to a house fire in March of 2021. Why try waiting for a MAS Stick to become available, or hunt down expensive vintage Happ parts, when you can pick up a perfectly working stick with potentially better feeling parts for under $200? Example of a Japanese style fight stick, the HORI RAP VLX (Photo Credit: TraynoCo)Įventually, the MAS Arcade Stick was retired, and the ever growing Japanese style fight sticks took over the market. Forcing companies like Happ, who produced many of the Arcade control panel buttons, to merge with Suzo, causing many of their buttons to decline further in quality, killing what was left of the American arcade stick market by raising the price of vintage Happ parts to acronical levels.Īt that point, making the switch to the cheaper and readily available Japanese style fight sticks made so much more sense. This is when companies such as Mad Catz, Hori, and others stared to producing high quality fight sticks using actual Japanese parts (Usually Sanwa or Seimitsu parts), pushing the American control panel parts demand to the point of irrelevancy. Towards the end of the sixth gen console’s lives, and during the release of Street Fighter 4, the Japanese fight stick explosion occurred. Thao Nguyen and Reynalda Lynn Nguyen, the pioneers behind the MAS arcade stick, saw the gap in the market, and with their skills, started creating these sticks for local competitors in California, and eventually hosting a website to sell them all over the world.Īs the name implies, the MAS (Multi-Arcade System) sticks were designed to be used on different home systems (As in, one stick per console), and in some cases, dual modded to work on two consoles (Such as the PS2 / Dreamcast).Įxample of a pair of original MAS arcade stick (Photo courtesy of Scanline City) That is… Until the MAS arcade sticks rolled onto the scenes. However, there never was anything that was a 1:1 recreation of the US arcade control panel. Most sixth gen fighting sticks at that point were import Hori sticks, mimicking the Japanese arcade cabinets, which (In some people’s eyes) were objectively better than arcade parts used in Western style arcade machines.Įxample of a, “Not so great” fight stick. While the Dreamcast had some fantastic arcade games on it, that controller was in NO WAY a great fighting pad… The PlayStation controller was a pretty good pad for some titles, with one player actually winning EVO 2014 with a PS1 controller a few years back.Īrcade sticks were offered for consoles back in the day, but for the most part, many of them ranged from almost as good, to being complete garbage. The only issue many were running into at that point, was the (Mostly) ill equipped controllers made for 3D games being used for 2D fighters. This allowed smaller and local venues to host more fighting game tournaments and events, without the need to shell out $1000+ on a used or new arcade machine/board. After many years in hiatus, and the need to rely on buying second hand MAS sticks, the MAS Neo is coming soon to a fighting game meetup near you!įor a short history lesson, back in the late 90s / early 2000s, home consoles finally caught up technology wise to produce several console perfect ports of arcade games. In addition, network operators and specific markets may choose not to use the updates for specific models. Therefore, we cannot give you an exact date for when a specific update will be available for your device.
Such mass extinctions may have accelerated evolution by providing opportunities for new groups of organisms to diversify. After the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event 66 Ma killed off the non-avian dinosaurs, mammals increased rapidly in size and diversity. During the recovery from this catastrophe, archosaurs became the most abundant land vertebrates one archosaur group, the dinosaurs, dominated the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods. During the Permian period, synapsids, including the ancestors of mammals, dominated the land, but most of this group became extinct in the Permian–Triassic extinction event 252 Ma. Marine species were the primary victims of the Late Devonian extinction.) Ediacara biota appear during the Ediacaran period, while vertebrates, along with most other modern phyla originated about 525 Ma during the Cambrian explosion. (The long causal chain implied seems to involve the success of early tree archaeopteris (1) drew down CO2 levels, leading to global cooling and lowered sea levels, (2) roots of archeopteris fostered soil development which increased rock weathering, and the subsequent nutrient run-off may have triggered algal blooms resulting in anoxic events which caused marine-life die-offs. Land plants were so successful that they are thought to have contributed to the Late Devonian extinction event. Microorganisms are thought to have paved the way for the inception of land plants in the Ordovician period. Bilateria, animals having a left and a right side that are mirror images of each other, appeared by 555 Ma (million years ago).Īlgae-like multicellular land plants are dated back even to about 1 billion years ago, although evidence suggests that microorganisms formed the earliest terrestrial ecosystems, at least 2.7 Ga. However the origin and evolution of sexual reproduction remain a puzzle for biologists though it did evolve from a common ancestor that was a single celled eukaryotic species. Sexual reproduction, which involves the fusion of male and female reproductive cells (gametes) to create a zygote in a process called fertilization is, in contrast to asexual reproduction, the primary method of reproduction for the vast majority of macroscopic organisms, including almost all eukaryotes (which includes animals and plants). Later, around 1.7 Ga, multicellular organisms began to appear, with differentiated cells performing specialised functions. The earliest evidence of eukaryotes (complex cells with organelles) dates from 1.85 Ga, and while they may have been present earlier, their diversification accelerated when they started using oxygen in their metabolism. The evolution of photosynthesis, around 3.5 Ga, eventually led to a buildup of its waste product, oxygen, in the atmosphere, leading to the great oxygenation event, beginning around 2.4 Ga. Microbial mats of coexisting bacteria and archaea were the dominant form of life in the early Archean Epoch and many of the major steps in early evolution are thought to have taken place in this environment. In March 2017, putative evidence of possibly the oldest forms of life on Earth was reported in the form of fossilized microorganisms discovered in hydrothermal vent precipitates in the Nuvvuagittuq Belt of Quebec, Canada, that may have lived as early as 4.28 billion years ago, not long after the oceans formed 4.4 billion years ago, and not long after the formation of the Earth 4.54 billion years ago. In 2015, possible "remains of biotic life" were found in 4.1 billion-year-old rocks in Western Australia. The earliest evidence of life comes from biogenic carbon signatures and stromatolite fossils discovered in 3.7 billion-year-old metasedimentary rocks from western Greenland. These currently living species represent less than one percent of all species that have ever lived on Earth. However, only 1.75–1.8 million have been named and 1.8 million documented in a central database. Only a very small percentage of species have been identified: one estimate claims that Earth may have 1 trillion species. The similarities among all known present-day species indicate that they have diverged through the process of evolution from a common ancestor. Although there is some evidence of life as early as 4.1 to 4.28 Ga, it remains controversial due to the possible non-biological formation of the purported fossils. Earth formed about 4.5 billion years ago (abbreviated as Ga, for gigaannum) and evidence suggests that life emerged prior to 3.7 Ga. The history of life on Earth traces the processes by which living and fossil organisms evolved, from the earliest emergence of life to the present day. If your child sustains a forearm fracture that causes severe pain, breaks the skin, or damages growth plates, treatment should be sought immediately. Torus fracture: Commonly called a buckle fracture, this break compresses the top layer of bone and disrupts the growth plate in the forearm.In most cases, there is a break in the ulna, and the radius is dislocated at the wrist. Monteggia fracture: Both bones of the forearm are affected and this injury requires immediate care.Metaphyseal fracture: One or both forearm bones may be affected, but the fracture does not affect the growth plate.Injury to the growth plate can affect the future growth of your child’s bone. While either forearm bone may be affected, in most cases the fracture occurs in the radius, near the wrist. Growth plate fracture: Affects the layer of growing tissue near the ends of bones and requires immediate care.Greenstick fracture: One of the forearm bones bends and cracks, instead of breaking into separate pieces.In most cases, the radius is broken, and the ulna is dislocated at the wrist joint. Galeazzi fracture: Both bones in the forearm are affected.There are six types of forearm fractures in children: The way your child’s forearm breaks will determine its severity, recommended treatment, and how long it will take your child to recover. In most cases, both the radius and ulna bones will break together. Broken arms often occur while children are playing and fall unexpectedly.įractures of the forearm can occur near the joints of the wrist or elbow, or in the middle of the bone. There are two bones in the forearm: The radius bone is on the thumb side of the forearm the ulna bone is on the pinky finger side.įorearm fractures are among the most common broken bones during childhood. 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There’s some speculation, based around a patent, that the flange could vary in size. Long flange mirrorless cameras look daft. What I don’t want is a tiny body with a toilet roll on the end. I don’t particularly mind a slightly larger camera. That would mean the camera system would forgo most of the size reduction benefits of removing the mirror.Īn EVF is so useful for video and it is time Canon moved onto to a future without the mirror either way. However what’s curious is that the RF mount is expected to maintain a long flange distance so EF lenses mount straight on without an adapter. In this case it might mean something else. In SLR terms the letter “R” means “Reflex”. The 24-105mm is the kit lens if you elect not to go for the body-only. No news on whether the body features in-body stabilisation. A 50mm F1.2L is there – my favourite prime of the Canon EF range… Did they make it smaller (like the old Canon FD version) for mirrorless? These are joined by a 35mm F1.8 which finds room for IS and a 24-105mm F4 which curiously does not. Would surely be enormous? Starting at 28mm rather than 24mm does help a bit and ensures there’s still demand for a possible 24mm F1.4. The list contains a couple of very exotic lenses. The mirrorless camera will be named Canon EOS R. Nokishita Camera has a list… A very interesting list. There have been no rumours worth even mentioning, until today. Not surprising, it’s a big strategic move and Canon needs to wrong foot the opposition. The new full frame mirrorless camera from Canon has been kept very much under wraps. Luggage space: Overhead racks racks on lower level of TRE train carsĭallas Love Field Airport : Take the DART route 524 bus from the airport ground transportation center to Inwood/Love Field rail station change for an Orange or Green Line DART light rail train to downtown Dallasįare: $2.50, including bus-to-rail transfer Travel time: 1 hr 10 min by light rail 1 hr 35 min by bus plus TRE to Dallas Union Station 1 hr 20 min to Fort Worth Intermodal Transportation Center by TRE.įare: $2.50 on DART $5.00 to Dallas or Fort Worth on TRE Take the RTA Red Line rail directly from Hopkins International Airport into center city.ĭFW Airport : Take the DART Orange Line light rail directly from the airport into downtown Dallas, or take the free connector bus from the airport to CentrePoint/DFW TRE commuter rail station and take TRE to downtown Dallas, downtown Fort Worth or intermediate points. Luggage space: Overhead racks & luggage racks at end of each train car Travel time: 20 min to downtown Milwaukee 1 hr 30 min to Chicagoįare: $25.00 to Chicago $8.00 to downtown Milwaukee (flat fare regardless of time of booking) Milwaukee General Mitchell Airport: Take a free shuttle bus to the Milwaukee Airport Amtrak station and take the Hiawatha line (which runs every 2 hours) one stop into downtown Milwaukee or 3 stops to Chicago Union Station Luggage space: Standard subway cars ample floor space Midway Airport: Take the CTA Orange Line rail from Midway station (a 15-min walk through a parking garage from the terminal) into the Loop. O’Hare Airport: Take the CTA Blue Line rail from the terminal into downtown, or take a free shuttle from the terminal to O’Hare Transfer Metra commuter rail station and ride seven or fewer stops on North Central Service into Chicago Union Station (Metra service is not very frequent, but is more comfortable). Take CATS route 5 bus from the terminal to the Charlotte Transportation Center in Uptown, where you can connect to LYNX light rail, streetcar and all other bus routes. Luggage space: No designated space, but ample floor space (standard subway cars & transit buses) The other is the Silver Line bus rapid transit system, which runs in a tunnel through downtown and goes right to the terminals. One is by taking the Blue Line subway to Airport station, from whence there are frequent, free shuttle buses for the short hop to the terminals. There are two ways to easily get from downtown to Logan Airport. Travel time: 20 min airport to Five Points Take the MARTA Red or Gold Lines (metro rail) from the Airport station at the main terminal into downtown (Five Points station is the main transit hub). Take ABQ RIDE express bus route 250 between Albuquerque International Sunport and Alvarado Transportation Center downtown (bus bay E). Double the one-way fare for a round trip): Here’s an overview of ways to get to major airports from downtown in xx US cities (fares listed are as of August 2017 and are full adult one-way fares discounts are usually available for seniors, children and people with disabilities. Some are well known, others are hidden gems. But there are many cities where convenient and very affordable (compared to a cab or shuttle) bus or rail transit options exist that make the city to airport trip a breeze. This paper focuses on three key aspects of the Airport LRT project: (1) existing and future terminal connections at the Airport (2) sustainability concepts including Transit Oriented Development (TOD) and (3) innovative project delivery methods.When it comes to getting into the center of a US city you’re visiting from the airport, or getting to the airport for a trip out of town without worrying about parking, a taxi or airport shuttle van springs first to mind for most Americans. This funding specifically included the Airport Light Rail Transit (LRT) line connection from downtown Salt Lake City to the Airport. In 2006, Salt Lake County voters approved additional funding for UTA rail transit projects. Due to funding constraints however, only the portion of the LRT line between downtown Salt Lake City and the University was constructed. This environmental document was for a light rail line from the Airport to downtown SLC and then on to the University of Utah. In 1999 an Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) for the “Airport to University West-East Light Rail Project” was completed. The light rail connection between the Salt Lake City International Airport (the Airport) and downtown Salt Lake City has been part of Utah Transit Authority’s (UTA) regional transit plan since the early 1990’s. Salt Lake City Light Rail: Airport to Downtown
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